Ladder DAC

The Heléne is a bit-perfect ladder DAC and uses NO data processing, upsampling or oversampling – all data is converted at their native sample rate and bit rate.

Taking technology we pioneered in the Kassandra Series, the converter banks are implemented around a matrix of eight R2R converters per channel, running in parallel. The two independent banks use eight R2R matrixes from the Analog Devices AD1865N-K in current mode.

These are driven by our custom logic that handles the syncronisation, data and work buses. Our Super Clock technology used in our bigger models is also standard in the Heléne DAC, negating the use and need of an external aftermarket Word Clock.

The USB input is double Reclocked, as are the digital S/PDIF and AES inputs using the internal Super Clocks of the converter. The digital input Reclocker is also bypassable on the fly.

I/V Stage

Converter banks run in current output, thus  IV conversion stage quality is detrimental to the SQ. The IV (current to voltage) stage is implemented by a special IV transformer with custom ultra high MU core, directly modulating the bias circuits of the analog tube stage.

Gain Stage

The analog stage is again borrowed from our bigger models, and is a small SET amplifier built around the E280F super tube, loaded by a custom special quality output transformer.

Power Supply

The analog stage PSU is tube rectified using the GZ34 rectifier, while triple choke / film capacitors provide very low noise voltage rails for the SET amplifier. The tube is also biased with triple filtered ultra low noise bias circuits.

Power supplies of both the digital and analog sections of the converter system are carefully designed around oversized capacitor banks and extensive RF choking filters, distributed at all points of the circuit.